Social Commentary:
* Critique of Puritan Society: Hawthorne uses the story to criticize the hypocrisy and rigidity of Puritan society. He highlights their obsession with sin and punishment, their lack of compassion and understanding, and their tendency to ostracize those who deviate from their strict norms.
* Exploration of Gender Roles and Morality: The novel challenges traditional gender roles, questioning the double standards imposed on women compared to men. Hester Prynne's punishment is far harsher than Dimmesdale's, exposing the hypocrisy of the Puritan legal system and its treatment of women.
* Examination of Freedom and Individuality: The novel champions the freedom of the individual to choose their own path and define their own morality, even when it goes against societal expectations. Both Hester and Dimmesdale struggle with their choices and their internal conflicts.
Exploration of Human Nature:
* Sin and Guilt: The story delves into the psychological and emotional impact of sin and guilt. Hawthorne examines how these emotions can torment individuals, shaping their actions and relationships. He also explores the possibility of redemption and forgiveness.
* Love, Passion, and Adultery: The central love affair between Hester and Dimmesdale explores the complexities of passion and adultery. It questions the morality of societal norms and examines the power of love in the face of adversity.
* Nature of Identity and Self-Definition: *The Scarlet Letter* probes the question of what defines us as individuals. The scarlet letter itself becomes a symbol of both Hester's sin and her resilience. It forces her to confront her identity and redefine herself in the eyes of society.
Overall, Hawthorne's purpose in writing *The Scarlet Letter* was to use the story as a vehicle to explore complex issues of human nature, social structures, and the individual's struggle for freedom and self-discovery. It is a work that continues to resonate with readers today because it speaks to universal themes that transcend time and place.