Assonance: Hughes also uses assonance to create a sense of rhythm and flow in the poem. For example, the "a" sound in "Ballad" and "landlord" in the first line, and the "i" sound in "night" and "light" in the second line.
Consonance: Hughes uses consonance to create a sense of rhyme and unity in the poem. For example, the "d" sound in "board" and "bed" in the first line, and the "t" sound in "night" and "light" in the second line.
Repetition: Hughes uses repetition to create emphasis and a sense of urgency in the poem. For example, the repetition of the word "now" in the second line, and the repetition of the phrase "I've been here all night" in the third and fourth lines.
Hyperbole: Hughes uses hyperbole to create a sense of exaggeration and to make the landlord seem more oppressive. For example, the landlord is described as "a fat man" who "eats more than his share."
Irony: Hughes uses irony to create a sense of contrast between the landlord's words and actions. For example, the landlord says he is "a good man" and that he "loves everybody," but his actions show that he is actually greedy and oppressive.
Metaphor: Hughes uses metaphors to create a vivid and memorable image of the landlord. For example, the landlord is described as "a big black cloud," and he is said to "sit like a vulture waiting for his prey."
Simile: Hughes uses similes to create comparisons between the landlord and other things. For example, the landlord is compared to "a big black spider," and he is said to be "like a wolf in sheep's clothing."
Symbolism: Hughes uses symbolism to give the poem a deeper meaning. For example, the landlord can be seen as a symbol of oppression, greed, and injustice. The poem can also be seen as a allegory about the struggle between the working class and the upper class.