Machiavelli was born in 1469 in Florence, Italy, into a wealthy family. He studied classical literature and philosophy, and became involved in politics at an early age. In 1498, he was appointed as a secretary to the Florentine government, and served in this capacity for 14 years. During this time, he gained extensive experience in diplomacy and political strategy.
However, in 1512, the Medici family, who had been exiled from Florence, returned to power, and Machiavelli was dismissed from his position. He was later arrested and accused of conspiracy against the Medici. Although he was acquitted, he was banned from holding public office in Florence.
In response, Machiavelli devoted his time to writing political treatises, including "The Prince" and "The Discourses on Livy". These works, which were written in the vernacular Italian rather than in Latin, were revolutionary at the time, as they were addressed to the common people rather than to scholars and rulers.
In "The Prince", Machiavelli argues that a prince must be willing to do whatever is necessary to maintain power, regardless of moral considerations. He writes, "It is better to be feared than to be loved". This controversial idea has given rise to the term "Machiavellian", which is used to describe people who are willing to use any means to achieve their ends.
Machiavelli's works were influential in the development of modern political philosophy, and he is considered one of the founders of modern political science. His ideas on power and statecraft have been studied and debated by scholars and politicians for centuries.
In addition to "The Prince" and "The Discourses on Livy", Machiavelli also wrote other political works, such as "The Art of War" and "The Florentine Histories". He also wrote plays, poetry, and satirical pieces.
Machiavelli died in 1527 in Florence. He is considered one of the most influential political philosophers of all time, and his works are still widely read and studied today.