Why does Beowulf describe himself by recounting heritage?

By recounting his heritage, Beowulf establishes his noble lineage and the heroic reputation of his people, the Geats. In the Anglo-Saxon culture of the poem, one's ancestry and family background were considered crucial factors in determining an individual's worth and social status. Beowulf takes pride in his illustrious lineage and the feats accomplished by his ancestors, as it reflects positively on his own character and abilities.

Recounting his heritage also serves to emphasize Beowulf's connection to the legendary hero Scyld Scefing, who is portrayed as a revered and victorious leader in the poem. By associating himself with Scyld's legacy, Beowulf enhances his reputation and suggests that he possesses similar qualities of bravery, strength, and leadership.

Furthermore, describing his heritage allows Beowulf to establish a sense of kinship with the Danish king Hrothgar, whose kingdom he has come to aid. By highlighting their shared ancestry and lineage, Beowulf creates a bond of trust and mutual respect between himself and Hrothgar, which is essential for their alliance against Grendel and the other monsters.

In summary, recounting his heritage serves multiple purposes for Beowulf. It establishes his noble lineage, emphasizes his connection to legendary figures, and fosters a sense of kinship with Hrothgar, thereby reinforcing his credibility and heroic stature in the poem.