1. Risk assessment: Employers must identify all hazardous substances used in the workplace and assess the risks they pose to employees' health. This involves identifying the hazards, who might be harmed and how, and then evaluating the risks.
2. Control measures: Based on the risk assessment, employers must implement appropriate control measures to eliminate or reduce exposure to hazardous substances. This could include things like substitution with less hazardous substances, engineering controls (e.g., ventilation), administrative controls (e.g., safe work procedures), and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE).