* Standardized Measure of Academic Preparedness: The SAT is designed to test a student's readiness for college-level coursework. While not perfect, it provides a relatively standardized measure of skills in reading, writing, and math that can be compared across different high schools and curricula. This allows colleges to compare applicants from diverse backgrounds.
* Predictive Validity (to a degree): Historically, SAT scores have shown some correlation with first-year college GPA. However, this correlation is not perfect, and many colleges acknowledge that other factors are far more significant in predicting long-term success.
* Resource Allocation: For some colleges, particularly highly selective ones, SAT scores help them manage the sheer volume of applications. Using scores as a preliminary filter can help narrow down the pool of applicants they need to review more thoroughly.
* Comparison Across Applicants: SAT scores allow colleges to compare applicants who may have different high school experiences, grading scales, or course selections. They offer a common metric for evaluation.
* Data Collection and Institutional Research: Colleges collect data on various factors, including SAT scores, to understand the characteristics of their student body and to track trends over time. This data informs their admissions practices and institutional planning.
It's important to note that many colleges are becoming more holistic in their admissions processes, placing less emphasis on standardized tests and giving more weight to factors such as GPA, extracurricular activities, essays, letters of recommendation, and demonstrated interest. Some colleges are test-optional or test-blind, meaning they don't require or consider SAT/ACT scores at all.