Addition:
* Simple: and, also, as well as, too, furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides
* More sophisticated: What's more, further to this, not only...but also, additionally
Comparison:
* Similar: similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally, by the same token
* Contrast: however, conversely, on the other hand, in contrast, alternatively, whereas, while, unlike, despite, although, even though
Cause and Effect:
* Cause: because, since, as, due to, owing to, on account of
* Effect: therefore, thus, consequently, hence, as a result, so, accordingly, for this reason
Sequencing/Time:
* Chronological: first, second, third, next, then, after, afterwards, finally, subsequently, eventually, meanwhile, previously, prior to
* Other sequencing: firstly, secondly, thirdly (more formal), initially, ultimately
Exemplification/Illustration:
* Introducing examples: for example, for instance, such as, namely, to illustrate, specifically, in particular, a case in point is...
Emphasis:
* Stressing a point: indeed, in fact, clearly, obviously, significantly, notably, particularly, especially
Summarizing/Concluding:
* To summarize: in short, in brief, in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, overall, ultimately, finally
Showing a relationship/linking ideas:
* Furthermore: extending the idea
* Nevertheless: introducing a contrasting idea while acknowledging the previous one
* Moreover: adding a supporting point
* However: a stronger contrast than "but"
* Consequently: indicating a result
* Therefore: indicating a conclusion or logical consequence
Tips for using connectives effectively:
* Variety: Don't overuse the same connectives. Aim for a range to show your linguistic skill.
* Accuracy: Ensure the connective accurately reflects the relationship between the ideas. Using the wrong connective can make your writing confusing.
* Sentence structure: Integrate connectives smoothly into your sentences. Avoid starting every sentence with a connective.
* Context: The best connective will depend on the surrounding sentences and the overall argument.
By using a variety of these connectives appropriately, you can significantly improve the coherence and fluency of your GCSE writing. Remember to practice using them in your writing to become more comfortable and confident.