Psychometrics is an area of study focused on concepts and methods involved in educational and psychological measurements. This includes the various techniques used to evaluate a person and the reliability of the results.
Psychometric aptitude tests calculate a person's potential and capabilities within a collective or specifically targeted area. For example, different tests are designed to evaluate the test taker's quantitative (arithmetic, reason, objective) and qualitative (attitude, perception, subjective) aptitude.
Some psychometric aptitude tests are designed to help a person identify the career paths they're most likely to thrive in. These types of tests are primarily composed of questions to gauge where interests lie. Other psychometric tests consist of maximum-performance questions and calculate the test taker's competence within a specific occupational field.
In order to deliver accurate results, the tests must be rooted in statistical principles and be methodical, uniform, impartial, analytical, and unbiased.