* The specific exam's content and grading: The UBE (Uniform Bar Exam) is used in many states, but even then, the cut score (passing grade) varies.
* The applicant pool: A state with a highly competitive applicant pool (lots of high-achieving applicants) will naturally have a lower pass rate, even if the exam itself isn't inherently harder.
* Access to bar prep resources: States with fewer resources available for bar exam preparation might have lower pass rates, regardless of the exam's difficulty.
However, states consistently showing lower pass rates than the national average, often cited as being among the most challenging, include (this list may vary slightly depending on the year and data source):
* California: Known for its high volume of applicants and a demanding exam.
* New York: Another large state with a competitive applicant pool and a rigorous bar exam.
* Pennsylvania: Consistently demonstrates a lower-than-average pass rate.
* Delaware: Often cited for having a particularly challenging exam.
* Louisiana: The exam has a significant civil law component, distinct from the common law system of many other states.
* Maryland: High volume of applicants and a competitive legal market contribute to lower pass rates.
* Washington: Has shown a relatively low pass rate compared to the national average.
* Massachusetts: High competition and a rigorous exam contribute to its inclusion on many "toughest" lists.
* Connecticut: Frequently listed among states with challenging bar exams.
* Nevada: Often has one of the lower pass rates.
It's crucial to remember that these rankings can fluctuate year to year. Focusing on thorough preparation, regardless of the state, is far more important than worrying about arbitrary "toughest" lists.