Mars is the only planet that does not have a global magnetic field. However, it does have strong magnetic fields in its crust that are many times stronger than those of Earth. To demonstrate magnetism, give each child a magnet and have them collect various items. Make a list of all the items. Test each object to see if it is pulled to the magnet and document whether the item is magnetic or not. Ask the children what would happen if these objects were put on the surface of Mars?
Mars has an atmosphere that is composed of carbon dioxide, which would kill humans if they tried to breathe without protection on the planet’s surface. There is no oxygen on the planet Mars. Many things do not survive without oxygen such as humans, animals and fire. To test this, use a tealight candle and a glass jar. Ask the children what they think will happen to the candle if the glass jar is placed over the candle. Will it continue to burn when it no longer has oxygen?
Light the candle and place the glass jar over the top of it. Watch what happens. Why did the candle burn out? Would a candle be able to burn on the surface of Mars?
Mars is the fourth planet from the sun, just one past the Earth, but far enough from the heat of the sun that it can become very cold on the surface. The atmosphere of Mars is also very thin, making it difficult for the planet to hold heat. At what temperature does ice melt? Have children find out by placing water in an ice cube tray. Measure its temperature with a thermometer and write it down. Place the water in the freezer and take its temperature every five minutes. How long does it take before the water turns to ice? What is the temperature of the water when it freezes?