In second grade students should learn how to do simple addition problems in which the sum is 18 or below, according to the K to 8 website. They should also be able to do subtraction problems with the result in that range as well. Students should learn to count by multiples, such as every other number or counting by fives up to 100.
Students should learn the concept of dollar and coin values in second grade. This includes being able to identify the bills and coins as well as work with them in situations where purchases are made. For example, a student should know how much change to expect if she purchases and item for $5 and gives the cashier a $10 bill. They should know how to convert dollar bill values to the appropriate number of coins.
A second grader should be able to identify the different components of a sentence. These components include the noun which is the subject of the sentence as well as the verb showing the action in the sentence. Students should begin to understand how to use adjectives as well, adding additional description to their sentences. According to the Scholastic website, students should be able to spot spelling errors in their own work and be able to edit other students' work for spelling errors.
Students learn deductive reasoning in science classes in second grade, according to the NC Public Schools website. This means that they start to collect data and notice trends in the data they are collecting. The student will then be able to predict the result of an experiment based on the data collected from previous experiments. This can be done by studying charts as well as graphs in the classroom.