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High School Chemistry Activities on Molecular Resonance

Molecular resonance is the property of molecules that can be constructed in more than one way. In a resonant molecule, the atomic structure is the same in every case, but the electrical charges of each atom differ. Resonant molecules are not isomers of each other, but rather, identical molecules that possess ions (charged atoms) with delocalized electrons whose electric charge varies. There are many activities you can use to teach molecular resonance to high school students.
  1. Models

    • Building models is a great way to learn what molecular resonance is all about. You can build a model of a molecule using styrofoam balls and metal wiring. To do so, you simply cut pieces of wire off of clothes hangers, then use these pieces of wire to attach the styrofoam pieces together. To differentiate between atoms, simply paint the different molecules different colors using watercolor paint. To show that the different molecules have different charges, create several molecules with the same structure, but paint different charges (+ or - signs) on to the atoms in each model.

    Labs

    • Molecular resonance can be observed in the lab. One of the best ways to observe molecular resonance in action is to test the levels of electrical conductivity in the school's drinking water. If your school's science lab has a conductivity reader, you can easily do this activity by gathering buckets of water from the school taps, and inserting the reader into the buckets. The reading from an electrical conductivity reader will tell you the electrical charge of the water. The electrical conductivity of water is influenced by resonant H2O molecules, which occur due to the presence of non-H2O particles in or around the water supply.

    Field Work

    • Molecular resonance is something that can be observed in the field as well. Take the conductivity readers out of the school lab, and go out into the field and measure the electrical conductivity of various lakes by sticking a reader in each one. Once you have the readings, you compare the results between the various lakes. You can then conclude which lake has the greatest level of molecular resonance, since H2O resonance correlates with electrical conductivity.

    Visualization

    • Styrofoam balls and copper wiring only go so far in helping you to visualize resonant molecules. To visualize resonant molecules at a deeper level, you must use 3D graphics that are capable of representing the various components of atoms (protons, neutrons, electrons) in detail. One idea for an activity is to create these 3D graphics using a modelling device like JMOL (see resources). Using JMOL, available at the chemistry department site at www.msu.edu, you can type in the name of a molecule, quickly view that molecule, and then manipulate the molecule by dragging it with the mouse. This activity helps you to see what resonant molecules look like in real life.

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