Smiling skulls are included in an altar to symbolize death and rebirth, according to the University of Pittsburgh Center for Latin American Studies. Guide the class in molding skulls for use on the class altar. Candy skulls are often used, and can be easily emulated with a simple almond molding paste, or marzipan. Allow students to decorate the skulls with colored frosting or small candies. Accommodate dietary restrictions by using white clay instead of marzipan or fondant.
Traditional foods are a beloved element of a day of the dead celebration. Both the altar and the family table will feature favorite food items of deceased family members. Sweet pastries are a common offering. Develop a lesson that will allow the students to research and implement a simple menu of traditional favorites for inclusion in the class celebration. Sample menus could include a taco bar, with students each contributing an item to be shared by the class.
Instruct students of the cultural significance of each item traditionally included in a Day of the Dead altar. Show images of altars to students, allowing them to understand their highly festive and elaborate appearance. Guide the students in developing and gathering items for inclusion. In lieu of including images of deceased family members of class members, frame images of recently deceased celebrities or world leaders. Include votive candles and brightly colored flower petals in the altar.
Use the unit study of Day of the Dead as an opportunity to give students an introduction to Spanish language. Include vocabulary words when explaining each element of the traditional altar and holiday celebration. Instruct older students to create and organize flash cards to practice their language vocabulary. When building the altar and at the class celebration, require each student to refer to the items by their Spanish name. Test language retention by giving a formal language quiz to students.