* Open-ended questions: These questions don't have a single right answer and encourage a variety of perspectives and creative thinking. Examples include "What are the potential consequences of...?" or "How might we solve...?"
* Higher-order thinking questions (HOTS): These questions go beyond simple recall and require analysis, evaluation, synthesis, or creation. They often use words like "analyze," "evaluate," "compare," "contrast," "create," or "justify." For example, "Analyze the author's bias in this article" or "Create a plan to address climate change in your community."
* Probing questions: These questions delve deeper into a student's initial response, encouraging them to elaborate, justify, or refine their thinking. Examples include "Can you explain that further?", "What evidence supports your claim?", or "What are the limitations of your solution?"
* Hypothetical questions: These questions present a "what if" scenario, prompting students to consider possibilities and consequences. For example, "What would happen if...?" or "Imagine a world where...?"
* Socratic questions: These questions guide students to discover answers through their own reasoning, often by exposing inconsistencies or limitations in their thinking. They often focus on definitions, assumptions, and implications. Examples include "What do you mean by...?" "Why do you believe that?" or "What are the implications of your statement?"
The best type of questioning will depend on the learning objective and the students' level of understanding. Often, a combination of these approaches is most effective.