1. Oralism: This method emphasizes teaching deaf children to speak and lip-read. It often minimizes or excludes the use of sign language.
2. Bilingual/Bicultural (Bi-Bi) education: This approach uses both sign language (typically a signed language of the Deaf community, like American Sign Language) and the spoken language of the country. It aims to develop literacy in both languages and fosters a sense of Deaf culture and identity.