I. Access & Enrollment:
* Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER): The total number of students enrolled in a specific level of education (primary, secondary, tertiary), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the relevant age group. A high GER suggests good access, but doesn't account for dropouts.
* Net Enrollment Ratio (NER): Similar to GER, but only includes students of the *correct* age for that level of education. Provides a more accurate picture of access than GER.
* Literacy Rate: The percentage of the adult population (usually 15+) that can read and write. A fundamental indicator of basic education attainment.
* Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Completion Rates: Percentage of students who successfully complete each level of education. Shows progression through the system.
* School Attendance Rate: Percentage of children of school age who are actually attending school. Highlights issues with absenteeism.
II. Quality & Outcomes:
* Student-Teacher Ratio: The number of students per teacher. Lower ratios generally indicate better individualized attention, though not always correlated directly with quality.
* Teacher Qualification Rates: Percentage of teachers with formal qualifications and professional training. Highly trained teachers are vital for quality education.
* Public vs. Private School Enrollment: The proportion of students in public and private schools reveals inequalities in access and potentially quality.
* Learning Outcomes/Achievement Tests: Results from standardized tests (e.g., PISA, TIMSS) that assess student performance in specific subjects. These international comparisons are valuable.
* Educational Expenditure as % of GDP: The proportion of a country's GDP allocated to education. Indicates government prioritization.
* Graduation Rates: Percentage of students who graduate from secondary and tertiary levels of education. Shows successful completion of education.
* Repeat Rates: The percentage of students repeating a grade level. High repeat rates suggest learning difficulties or systemic issues.
* Dropout Rates: The percentage of students who leave school before completing a level. This points to barriers to educational access or completion.
III. Equity & Inclusion:
* Gender Parity Index (GPI): Compares enrollment rates of girls and boys at various education levels. Highlights gender disparities in access.
* Disparities in Education Outcomes by Socioeconomic Status (SES): Comparisons of educational attainment based on factors like income, parental education, and geographic location. Shows inequalities within the education system.
* Education Attainment by Ethnic/Racial Group: Reveals disparities in access and outcomes based on ethnicity or race.
* Access to Technology and Resources: The availability of computers, internet access, and learning materials in schools, especially in different regions of the country. This shows inequalities in resource distribution.
It's crucial to examine these statistics in combination to get a complete picture of a country's education system. Individual metrics can be misleading without contextual understanding. For example, a high GER might mask low completion rates. Data should also be examined over time to track trends and assess the effectiveness of educational policies.