As the name suggests, repeated readings refers to reading a text several times over. By reading a text several times, readers become more familiar with the words on the pages; the more familiar they are with the words on the pages, the quicker they are able to decode the words, making reading more smooth and fluent. With each repeated reading, readers can work on adding intonation and expression into their voices, another aspect of fluency. In order to engage a child in repeated readings, select a text that is both high interest and on her instructional reading level. Have the child read the selection aloud once and if she struggles with any words, offer help. After reading the selection once, allow her to read it aloud over again a few more times. Encourage her to add expression to her voice as she reads. With each reading, she'll become more confident and read the text more fluently.
With paired readings, a child reads a text with the help of a teacher, a parent or a tutor. The child, and the person he is paired with, read the same text aloud, in unison. When the child feels he is ready to read alone, he lets the person he is paired with know and he continues to read the text aloud, on his own. As the child reads, the parent, teacher or tutor offers help when the child indicates that he needs help, or displays difficulty, such as with decoding a word or pointing out missed words. The person the child is paired with acts as a coach of sorts in the reading process, helping to build the child's fluency.
Another activity that can be used to build fluency is reciprocal reading. In this activity, a child and a fluent reader read aloud a text together; the fluent reader reads a page and then the child reads a page. As the fluent reader reads, she models fluent reading to the child and the goal is that the child will emulate the fluent reading that he has heard.
Choral reading is similar to paired readings, except in choral reading a group of children read aloud together, as if in a chorus. A book that is not too long and meets student interest should be selected. The book should be held outward so that the group of children can see it -- a big book is an ideal choice, however, any text can be used. While reading, point to the words in the text and model fluent reading. Encourage children to read along as you read. Through choral reading, children gain confidence in reading and are able to practice fluent reading and hear what it sounds like.