* Doctoral programs (Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.): These are offered at universities around the world. There's no single "best" university for all doctoral programs – the top school depends on the specific field of study.
* Professional degrees (e.g., MD, JD, DDS): These are advanced degrees focused on specific professions and are also granted by universities. Again, the "best" school varies by profession.
Beyond doctoral degrees, some individuals pursue postdoctoral research fellowships or other advanced research positions, but these are not typically considered formal degree programs in the same way.