How did the English handle problem with Irish?

The English relationship with the Irish has been long and complex, marked by periods of conflict, subjugation, and uneasy co-existence. There's no single answer to how the English "handled" problems with the Irish, as the approach varied significantly across centuries and depended on the specific circumstances and goals of the English administration. However, key strategies and approaches included:

* Military Conquest and Suppression: This was a recurring theme, starting with the Norman invasion in the 12th century. English forces repeatedly attempted to subdue Irish resistance through military campaigns, often involving brutal tactics. This resulted in widespread displacement, confiscation of land, and the deaths of countless Irish people.

* Political Subjugation: The English sought to impose their political system on Ireland, establishing a system of governance that marginalized Irish culture and institutions. This included the creation of a "pale" – a relatively small area under direct English control – and attempts to integrate Irish lords into the English system, often unsuccessfully.

* Land Confiscation and Plantation: Large-scale land confiscations were a common tool used to weaken Irish power and reward English and later Scottish settlers. This process, particularly evident during the Plantation of Ulster in the 17th century, dramatically altered the demographic landscape of Ireland and fueled resentment amongst the Irish population.

* Religious Persecution: The English, being predominantly Protestant, actively worked to suppress Catholicism in Ireland, which was the dominant religion amongst the Irish. This led to religious conflict and discrimination, exemplified by penal laws that restricted the rights of Catholics.

* Cultural Suppression: Efforts were made to suppress the Irish language and culture, discouraging its use and promoting English language and culture instead. This was a long-term strategy aimed at assimilation.

* Economic Exploitation: The English controlled Ireland's economy, extracting resources and wealth for the benefit of England. This economic exploitation created resentment and contributed to poverty and hardship among the Irish population.

It's crucial to understand that these approaches were not always successful and often resulted in intensified conflict and resistance from the Irish. Irish rebellions occurred repeatedly throughout history, highlighting the enduring challenges of English rule. Furthermore, the effects of centuries of English policy continue to shape Irish society and identity to this day, creating a complex legacy of historical trauma and ongoing political issues. The relationship between the two countries remains a sensitive and debated topic.