Structure and Organization:
* Sentences: Written prose often uses longer, more complex sentences with multiple clauses and phrases. This allows for more nuanced expression and a deeper exploration of ideas. Informal speech tends to use shorter, simpler sentences.
* Paragraphs: Paragraphs in written prose are typically longer and more developed, often with a clear topic sentence and supporting evidence. This helps to organize information and create a cohesive flow. Informal speech rarely has a clear paragraph structure.
* Overall Structure: Written prose often follows a specific structure, such as a narrative, essay, or report. This structure helps to guide the reader through the text and understand the author's purpose. Informal speech is more free-flowing and less structured.
Vocabulary and Diction:
* Formal Diction: Written prose often uses more formal and sophisticated vocabulary. This can include less common words, technical jargon, or figurative language. Informal speech tends to use more everyday words.
* Precision and Clarity: Written prose strives for precision and clarity in its language. Writers carefully choose their words to convey their meaning accurately and effectively. Informal speech can be more imprecise and rely on context to understand meaning.
Grammar and Syntax:
* Formal Grammar: Written prose follows strict grammatical rules, including correct verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation. Informal speech is more relaxed with grammar rules.
* Active and Passive Voice: Written prose often uses both active and passive voice, depending on the desired effect. Informal speech tends to favor the active voice.
Other Factors:
* Time for Revision: Writers have the luxury of time to revise and edit their work, ensuring clarity and accuracy. Informal speech is often spontaneous and not subject to the same level of editing.
* Audience: Written prose is typically intended for a wider audience and aims to convey a specific message. Informal speech is usually for a limited audience and may be more casual in tone.
Examples:
* Informal Speech: "Hey, what's up? I just saw a really cool movie last night."
* Written Prose: "The film, a captivating exploration of the human condition, left an indelible mark on my mind. Its poignant portrayal of love, loss, and redemption resonated deeply with my own experiences."
In summary, written prose is more complex than informal speech because it is structured, organized, and uses more sophisticated language. It aims for clarity, precision, and a specific impact on the reader. While informal speech is more spontaneous and relaxed, written prose requires deliberate effort to achieve its intended effect.