1. Luis's family's journey to the United States: Luis's family's journey to the United States is the catalyst for the novel's central conflict. The family must overcome many obstacles, including poverty, discrimination, and language barriers, in order to build a new life in the United States.
2. Luis's struggles in school: Luis's struggles in school are another major element of the rising action. Luis finds it difficult to learn English, and he is often bullied by his classmates. These challenges make it difficult for Luis to succeed in school, but he is determined to overcome them.
3. Luis's friendship with Anna: Luis's friendship with Anna is a turning point in the novel. Anna is a kind and supportive friend, and she helps Luis to feel more confident in himself. Anna's friendship also helps Luis to learn more about American culture, and it gives him hope for a better future.