- Hiragana: Hiragana is used to write basic Japanese words and grammatical structures. Each hiragana character represents one mora, or sound unit. There are 46 hiragana characters in total.
- Katakana: Katakana is similar to hiragana in that each character also represents one mora. However, katakana is primarily used to write foreign words and names, onomatopoeia, scientific terms, and to add emphasis to Japanese text. There are also 46 katakana characters in total.
- Kanji: Kanji are Chinese characters that have been adopted by the Japanese language. Each kanji character can represent more than one meaning or pronunciation, depending on the context in which it is used. There are thousands of kanji characters in total, but learning the most common 2,000-3,000 kanji will allow you to read and understand most Japanese texts.