Before starting the first draft, the student must think of a thesis statement. This is the main idea of the essay. After developing the thesis, the student can use a variety of sources to research the topic. If the thesis statement is that there are a variety of orchids grown in Hawaii, the details can explain which varieties are grown, what they look like and how to cultivate them. Information gathered can be listed on index cards and grouped into subtopics. The student should keep close track of sources.
The next step in developing a good essay is to prepare a detailed outline. The outline will show at least five paragraphs --- the introduction, at least three body paragraphs and a conclusion. The introduction can give background information about the topic and it will contain the thesis statement. For example, it might present a fact about the numbers of orchid varieties available in Hawaii and indicate which ones are considered endangered. The thesis statement is effective if it is included as the last sentence of the first paragraph. Each body paragraph can describe a different Hawaiian orchid, and the conclusion will restate the thesis and connect the topic to the reader in some a way.
Once the detailed outline is complete, it is time to write the rough draft of the essay with the understanding that it is just a first attempt, not a finished product. The first draft should be written straight through without stopping to think of an exact word or looking up spelling. Paying attention to such details at this stage can interrupt the writing process. When the draft is complete, the student can read it over and fine-tune it. It should be checked for organization into the five-paragraph format, and the content should indicates that there is enough supporting detail for each broad topic. The essay should be looked at for mechanics like spelling, grammar and punctuation, and a second draft can then be produced.
To perfect the essay, students can work with a partner or two and allow these fellow students to read the second draft and make suggestions. The essay can then be rewritten, incorporating useful suggestions. This step can be repeated as many times as necessary to produce an effective, well-written essay. The finished essay can then be supported by graphics such as images, charts and illustrations.