The basic definition of critical thinking is being able to analyze and evaluate information with the mindset of being able to improve upon it. Objectively gathering information, asking questions, assessing and interpreting information in order to come to reasonable conclusions are characteristics of critical thinking. Communicating these concepts in an effective manner is another key to this process.
There are several elements of critical thinking. In the classroom, this process involves understanding the purpose of a project or assignment; being able to recognize what the question, problem or issue is; the ability to gather information that is appropriate; and coming to a conclusion that makes sense according to the data gathered. A student who can clearly explain key concepts and restate facts from their own point of view is implementing critical-thinking skills.
Encouraging the use of critical thinking in the classroom may be as simple as making slight adjustments in the approach to the curriculum. Strategies for implementing these skills can oftentimes be done in group settings.
•Call on students randomly to answer questions. Doing this instead of going in a set order will keep the entire class alert.
•Call on students to summarize what you or another student has just said. There are several ways to say the same thing.
•Have students elaborate on their answers or relate the information to a real-life situation.
•Have a student restate the instructions given in their own words.
•Give students the opportunity to solve their own dilemmas. Don't be too quick to step in and offer solutions to simple tasks.
•Seek opportunities to brainstorm. Before reading a book, have the students discuss what they think the story is about based on the title and any pictures on the cover of the book.
•Compare and contrast just about anything This can be done with stories, pictures and even the weather. Describing the details of any given item and explaining the significance of each is a good exercise in critical-thinking skills.
•Encourage creativity in the classroom. Provide materials and general guidelines for a project and let the students plan and put together the finished product.
It is important for people to be able to solve their own problems, both inside and outside of the classroom. Success in this area can be achieved by integrating critical-thinking skill builders into the classroom. When students can address a problem, organize ideas and gather facts to form a reasonable conclusion, this will carry over to other aspects of life.