* Math: 6th grade often introduces pre-algebra concepts like integers (negative numbers), more advanced fractions and decimals (including operations with them), ratios and proportions, and basic geometry including area and volume calculations of more complex shapes. 5th grade usually focuses on solidifying operations with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals at a simpler level.
* Science: The science curriculum becomes more specialized. While 5th grade might have a broad overview of various scientific concepts, 6th grade might delve deeper into specific areas like the human body systems, ecosystems, or the properties of matter. More experimental design and data analysis are usually expected.
* Language Arts/Reading: Reading comprehension expectations increase significantly. Students are expected to analyze texts more deeply, identifying themes, author's purpose, and literary devices. Writing assignments become more sophisticated, often involving research and persuasive arguments. Grammar instruction might cover more advanced concepts.
* Social Studies: The scope of history expands. 5th grade might focus on a specific region or time period, while 6th grade could cover a larger span of history or introduce world history. Geography lessons become more detailed.
* Organization and Independence: Sixth grade often requires more independent learning and organizational skills. Students are typically expected to manage their time more effectively and handle longer assignments with less direct supervision.
In short, 6th grade is a bridge year, building upon the foundational skills of 5th grade and introducing more complex and abstract concepts in all subjects, preparing students for the increased rigor of middle school.