Basic Format
* Direct Quotation: (Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)
* Paraphrase: (Author's Last Name, Year)
Examples
* Direct Quote: "The study found that 'participants who engaged in regular exercise reported significantly higher levels of happiness' (Smith, 2023, p. 15)."
* Paraphrase: Research suggests that regular exercise can lead to increased happiness (Smith, 2023).
Important Considerations
* Author's Name: Use the author's last name and the year of publication.
* Page Number: Include the page number for direct quotes.
* Multiple Authors:
* Two authors: (Author 1 & Author 2, Year)
* Three or more authors: (Author 1 et al., Year)
* Group Authors: Use the full name of the group or organization the first time it appears, followed by the abbreviation in subsequent citations. Example: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2022).
* No Author: Use the title of the work (in italics) in place of the author's name. Example: ("The Effects of Caffeine," 2022).
* Multiple Sources in a Single Citation: Separate multiple sources with semicolons. Example: (Smith, 2023; Jones & Brown, 2021).
* Personal Communication: Include the communicator's initials and last name, the type of communication, and the date. Example: (J. Doe, personal communication, August 15, 2023).
Placement
* Place the in-text citation at the end of the sentence, before the period.
* If you have a longer quote (40+ words), indent the entire quote and place the citation after the final punctuation mark.
Note: This information provides a basic overview. For more specific guidelines, consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA).