* Specific learning difficulties: such as dyslexia (reading), dyscalculia (maths), dysgraphia (writing), and dyspraxia (coordination).
* Social, emotional, and mental health needs (SEMH): including anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and oppositional defiant disorder.
* Physical disabilities or sensory impairments: such as visual impairment, hearing impairment, cerebral palsy, and other physical impairments affecting mobility or dexterity.
* Cognitive impairments: such as intellectual disabilities (learning disabilities).
* Speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN): difficulties with understanding or expressing language.
Children and young people with SEN require additional support and individualized education programs (IEPs) or other forms of specialized intervention to help them access and succeed in their education. The specific support needed varies widely depending on the nature and severity of the needs.