Answer who is the main character and why you are writing his story. This way can narrow down your focus, omitting unnecessary background information in the novel. Also write down the character's goal in the story (for example, a man wants to become manager of a company).
Determine the problem of the story: what prevents the character from achieving his goals. For example, the man falls in love with the woman who is already manager. Also mention the ending of the story: how the problem is ultimately resolved (she dies or they start their own company).
Write down the setting of the novel (time and place). In addition, write the main goal of your story (show the power of love or determination). This can help you maintain a certain feeling in your story.
Use another blank paper to create a "map" of your plot and determine the total size of your novel. This can be a personal choice or an agreement between you and your prospective publisher.
Divide the plot into equally sized chapters. Change the size of a chapter only if -- when writing the novel -- you see that it needs to be a bit shorter or longer. Place at least one important event in each chapter.
End each chapter -- apart from the final one -- with a cliffhanger. This gives readers a need to keep turning pages and also helps you remember the boundaries of each chapter.