Academic Paper:
1. Title Page: An academic paper typically starts with a title page that includes the paper's title, author's name, affiliation, course name or conference information (if applicable), and the date of submission.
2. Abstract: An abstract follows the title page and provides a brief summary of the paper's main points and objectives.
3. Introduction: The introduction section introduces the topic of the paper and provides a brief overview of its contents.
4. Body: The body of the paper consists of several paragraphs and sections that present the research findings, analysis, and arguments. Subheadings are often used to organize the content.
5. Citations and References: Academic papers require proper citation of sources used in the research, usually following a specific citation style such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. References are listed at the end of the paper.
6. Conclusion: The conclusion section summarizes the main points presented in the paper and provides any final thoughts or implications of the research.
7. References/Bibliography: This section includes a list of all sources cited in the paper, arranged in alphabetical order by the author's last name.
Memo:
1. Heading: A memo typically starts with a heading that includes the recipient's name, sender's name, date, and subject line.
2. To/From/Date: These lines specify the recipient, the sender, and the date of the memo.
3. Subject: The subject line conveys the main topic or purpose of the memo.
4. Body: The body of the memo contains the main message, keeping the content concise and focused on the subject at hand.
5. Call to Action or Request: Memos often include a call to action, such as requesting information, scheduling a meeting, or providing a reminder about a task.
6. Signature or Initials: Depending on the organization's style, the memo might include a handwritten signature or initials of the sender.
While these are general guidelines, specific formatting requirements may vary depending on the specific academic institution, conference, or organization for which the paper or memo is intended. It's essential to follow the provided guidelines or style guides to ensure consistency and professionalism in your documents.