Before a theory can be researched and developed, a basic research question --- or series of questions --- is required. The research question or questions will set the broad parameters of research for the theory. The question or questions can be changed over time as required by the project, but it is an essential part of getting the project started since it lays out a basic direction for research.
Before research can begin, a research plan is required. As noted, the plan should begin with the research question or questions but should then cover the basics of how and where theory development research will be done. Since individual resources such as time, funding and access to material will vary, this stage allows individual researchers to determine what is possible for their project and what may be unrealistic.
Based on the research questions and working plan, as well as general knowledge of the phenomena being studied, a researcher must develop a hypothesis or working thesis. This will later be tested and verified or refuted but is required to help direct research.
Once a plan is in place, the data collection stage is necessary. Researchers who are looking for an elaborate theory must collect their data, whether it is through primary research, such as field work or surveys, or secondary research using materials written by another or others. This stage is often one of the longest or else the longest in theory development and is essential to building and elaborating a theory.
Once data has been collected, the theory can be confirmed, refuted or indeterminate. At this stage, researchers use data collected to check their original hypothesis against findings in the field or through secondary research. The researcher may then decide to alter the original hypothesis in some way or else write up a review of findings.