Two Organisms in the Rain Forest That Illustrate Parasitism

The rain forests have a wide variety of plants owing to the combination of high temperature and high humidity. There are parasitic plants that are unable to nourish themselves, so they seek nourishment from host trees or shrubs and grow from tree trunks and branches. The forest floor is dark, damp and free from undergrowth except in places where the sunlight can penetrate to the ground, so the parasitic plants adapt themselves here or in the canopy layer on top.
  1. Rafflesia arnoldii Description

    • Rafflesia arnoldii, a parasitic plant has the largest known flower in the world. The flower's diameter is almost a meter and its weight is about 11 kilograms. It is reddish brown and has white spots on it. It has a cup-shaped structure with five lobes and a central column having a disk. The plant has no visible roots, stems or leaves. It remains hidden within the roots or stems of the host trees or shrubs and only the bulky bud is visible.

    Rafflesia arnoldii Parasitic but Useful

    • Rafflesia arnoldii is a parasitic plant and draws nutrition from lianas and vines of the rain forests with the help of threadlike structures that penetrate into the host trees or shrubs. It gives out a foul smell of rotting flesh that draws the attention of pollinating agents like flies. Buds of this plant are used in medicines for smooth delivery during childbirth and speedy recovery post childbirth and also as an aphrodisiac. This plant is a major attraction for eco-tourists.

    Rainforest Mistletoe a Partial Parasite

    • Mistletoes are parasitic in nature and are from five different families of which Loranthaceae and the Viscaceae are the dominant ones comprising 90 percent of them. They are partially parasitic in nature. They extract water and some other nutrients from the host tree by penetrating deep inside its roots, thereby, depleting its nutrients. However, the plants have green leaves that carry out photosynthesis and provide additional nutrients for the plants.

    Rainforest Mistletoe Description and Usefulness

    • Mistletoe enjoys extended sessions of flowering and is blessed with plentiful fruits every year. The flowers of mistletoe are yellow, orange and red and are horn-shaped. They produce huge amounts of nectar. Mammals consume leaves and fruits of the mistletoe plant. Various bird species live in nests on the mistletoe plant and even use its parts as building materials for their nests. The birds eat the mistletoe berries and dispose off the seed to be deposited on a tree for it to germinate.

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