Corrosive chemicals burn when they come in contact with peoples' skin. Commonly used in teaching laboratories, corrosive chemicals are strong acids and bases. Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sodium hydroxide are corrosive chemicals. Chemical companies and laboratories label corrosive chemicals to help people avoid them. Dangerous corrosive chemicals are removed easily with soap and water; go to an emergency room if you have a chemical burn to avoid pain, scars, and nerve damage.
Flammable chemicals are rated from one to four; chemicals rated three and four are highly unstable and burst into flame easily. Chemicals rated one and two are highly flammable but do not suddenly burst into flame. Ethanol, methanol, and acetone are flammable chemicals used commonly in laboratories. Flammable chemicals require special care to put out; water spreads organic chemical burns. Roll on the floor or use an appropriately rated fire extinguisher to stop chemical burns.
Acetone, hexanes, and methylene chloride are among many chemicals classified as volatile. Volatile chemicals release toxic fumes or gasses; when inhaled, these chemicals burn peoples' lungs. Too much contact with volatile chemicals causes nausea, headaches, drowsiness, and nervous system damage. To prevent inhalation of volatile chemicals they are labeled clearly; volatile chemicals are handled in special tents created to pull the vapors away from working scientists. If chemical vapor is inhaled, go to an emergency room.
Laboratory hazards exist outside of chemical handling. Laboratories are equipped with sinks and plumbing to clean equipment and to access water required for projects; laboratories also have electricity access throughout them for electronic devices required for work. Accidents involving water and electricity can electrocute people; laboratories warn people of this hazard with signs and training. Hazardous waste classification tells scientists how to dispose of waste involving different chemicals; some chemicals require special disposal for safety.