The foundation for rescue knots is the basic figure-eight. This knot is a tension knot that holds EMT rescuers to harnesses or ropes to locked carabiners. The basic figure-eight is the beginning of the knot pedagogy for EMTs. Take the working end of a rope (the end) and loop it up, around, and then back up into another loop on the main line. Bring the working end back down and through the initial loop to lock the figure-eight.
The double figure-eight is crucial in the rescue knot sequence. This knot follows the basic figure-eight but has the working end of the rope "following" the knot. Following the knot is a term used in ropes and rescue work meaning the working end follows the first knot, creating a reinforced version. This is particularly helpful for EMTs in high-angle rope rescue situations in urban, backcountry and surf rescues.
Tension hitches are critical for EMT use as they attach to static anchors or other ropes and allow weight to be held. Benefits to tension knots and hitches include releasing quickly once weight is removed from them and holding firm when the weight is applied. Basic tension hitches include the girth hitch and prussik knot. Prussik knots are used to ascend and descend other ropes.
Sometimes the first rope placed is not long enough, prompting the need for further cord. Connecting knots connect two lines for use in rescue situations. These knots provide ample weight bearing loads and hold under extreme weight. Examples of these include the water-knot, used to connect webbing, and the double fishermen's knot that connects ropes and cords, particularly good for like sized ropes.