One of the worst habits to have while reading is vocalization or sub-vocalization. Vocalization is when you have to read out loud, even if very quietly or only with your lips. Sub-vocalization is actually reading aloud with the voice in your head. Both can greatly slow reading speed and cause comprehension problems, which is why getting rid of them is important to improving reading. If you have a problem with normal vocalization, simply make the conscious effort to keep your mouth closed and your tongue still while you read. Sub-vocalization can be a bit trickier, but calm yourself and practice. While it may be hard to comprehend what you read at first, you'll eventually comprehend well without having to sub-vocalize.
According to the University of Alabama, slow readers typically read one word at a time. Not only does this slow down your reading speed, but it also hinders comprehension. For this exercise, start out by reading two or three words at a time and slowly graduating to more. Instead of reading words, try reading entire phrases or ideas. A good speed reader can read a line of text in only one or two eye fixations.
Efficient readers utilize their peripheral vision in reading to determine place and even to catch more words per eye fixation. According to Dummies.com, peripheral vision can be improved easily. Start by holding your arms out to your sides with your thumbs up. Look back and forth between your thumbs without moving your head, only your eyes. Do this 10 times, then rest for a minute before repeating the process twice more. Doing this daily can quickly improve your peripheral vision.
Regression is when you have to stop reading to go back and reread something you didn't quite catch. This is a common problem among those who read one word at a time and those trying to read too fast. The University of Alabama suggests covering previously read text with a piece of paper or index card, preventing regression. While rereading difficult words or concepts is sometimes important, it's typically an unnecessary time waster.
After a certain amount of reading, your eyes are bound to get tired. Where many people stop reading when their eyes get tired, there are actually exercises to get your eyes back in working order to keep reading. Simply close your eyes halfway and try to make your eyelids stop trembling by relaxing your entire face. Gaze at a faraway object and hold the gaze for a few moments. Inhale deeply, opening your eyes and mouth as widely as you can. As you exhale, close your eyes firmly and tighten every muscle in your face, including your eyes. Hold your breath and the squeeze for 30 seconds before releasing. Repeat these steps as needed until you feel comfortable reading again.