One of the most basic active listening skills is using eye contact with everyone involved in the conversation, especially the speaker. Using eye contact lets the speaker know that you are paying close attention to what he is saying. Use natural eye contact versus intense staring, which might make some people uncomfortable.
Avoid awkward body gestures that exhibit boredom or anxiety such as eye rolling, crossed arms or fidgeting. Even if you are pressed for time, do not check your watch or glance around repeatedly.
Occasionally nod your head or interject affirmative statements when appropriate. Avoid interrupting the speaker.
Focus on what the speaker is saying instead of trying to formulate your next response. This skill involves concentration and a genuine interest in the topic.
When you respond, paraphrase what the speaker has said to exhibit your understanding and also to clarify any questions you might have about the statement. This does not mean you have to repeat everything the speaker has said; instead, focus on the main ideas.
Perception checking is a skill that combines paraphrasing and clarification by presenting your assumptions to the speaker and allowing him to verify or dispute your understanding. This skill can help offset any confusion or false assumptions that can lead to misunderstandings in follow-up conversations.
Primary empathy is one way to show the speaker that you understand the emotions he is trying to convey. Primary empathy is a reflection on the content of the statement. An example of primary empathy is, "You feel (blank) as a result of (detail from conversation)."
Advanced empathy lets you present the speaker's statement back to him to try and get an understanding of any deeper emotions about the statement. An example of advanced empathy is: "I think you feel (blank) and it seems to be because of (detail from conversation); you may also feel (additional emotions), is this correct?"
Summarize what has been said and craft a thoughtful response that brings up details of the conversation to show the speaker you have been listening.
In a lengthy business conversation or meeting, many listeners benefit from taking notes that they can refer back to if necessary. This is also one of the best ways to glean information from a lecture or educational class.