Undergraduate Standing:
* Level of Education: Refers to a student pursuing a bachelor's degree (e.g., BA, BSc, BEng). This is the first level of higher education after secondary school (high school).
* Curriculum: Focuses on foundational knowledge in a chosen field, providing a broad base of understanding. Courses are often introductory and survey-level.
* Research: Minimal to no original research is expected. Students may participate in research projects as assistants, but independent research is usually not a requirement.
* Independence: Students are largely guided by professors and structured coursework. Independent learning is developing but not yet the primary focus.
Graduate Standing:
* Level of Education: Refers to a student pursuing a master's degree (MA, MS, MEng), a doctoral degree (PhD, EdD), or other postgraduate professional degrees (e.g., MBA, JD, MD). This follows the completion of a bachelor's degree.
* Curriculum: Focuses on specialized knowledge and advanced skills within a chosen field. Courses often delve into more theoretical concepts and research methodologies.
* Research: Original research is a central component, often culminating in a thesis or dissertation. Students are expected to conduct independent research, analyze data, and contribute to their field of study.
* Independence: Students are expected to be highly independent learners and researchers, working closely with advisors but largely directing their own research and studies.
In short, undergraduate standing signifies the initial stage of higher education, focused on foundational knowledge, while graduate standing represents advanced study focused on specialized expertise and original research.