Learn the basic principles of critical thinking. Utilizing books, websites and other resources, be able to explain the use of logic, reasoning and analysis in arguments. Be able to identify basic logical fallacies in order to fully analyze arguments based on interpretation of information. Learn to identify faulty premises, faulty reasoning and faulty conclusions.
Review the basic steps of writing a critical essay. Include an introduction, a body and a conclusion. Organize the body of the essay so it includes a summary of your topic (or writer) as well as your analysis of the topic (or writer).
Narrow your focus after familiarizing yourself with the big picture of your topic. If you are writing about "man's search for meaning," consider analyzing the conclusions of a summary of philosophical thought, or focus on "man's search for meaning in the 20th century," or "man's search for meaning through religious experience." Within the topic of the search for meaning are many sub-categories. You may choose to focus your critique on one author's interpretation of philosophical history, or on one philosopher, or on one cultural manifestation of the search for meaning, such as religion, romantic love or scientific inquiry.
Develop an analysis of the narrowed topic within your critical essay. The more clearly defined your topic, the easier it will be to craft a clear assessment of the ideas within it. Consider the thinker's assumptions, premises, arguments, cultural context, vocation, background and historical context. Compare and contrast contestable points with other thinkers or your own ideas.
Review your finished essay. Look for flaws in your own assumptions, premises, arguments and conclusions. Ensure that you have covered the topic accurately and that you have responded to the topic accurately and clearly. Keep your arguments as specific and evidence-driven as possible. Add notes that suggest areas of further research.