A qualitative data collection procedure for action research can include the systematic recording of field notes gained via observation. When a researcher makes observations and records field notes of events or interactions, he is able to capture subtle interactions and connections between study participants that may facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the research topic. The researcher records all verbal and physical interactions between research participants. These field notes are then reviewed and coded to identify themes or patterns that tell a story.
Qualitative action research data collection procedures can include interviews with individuals and groups of individuals. Obtaining information from individuals directly associated with the research topic can be very enlightening. A research may interview individuals singularly or collectively. It is important that the research get an insight into the participant's perspective. This can best be accomplished by supplementing close-ended questions with open-ended in an interview setting. It is wise for a researcher to audio record interviews so that the research will not omit any comment.
The review of historical, informal or formal documents can be a part of data collection procedures in qualitative action research. Historical and formal documents can be obtained by visiting a local library, agencies that regulate documentation, online searches or through contact of individuals with some experience with or connection to the research topic. Informal documents can include letters, notes or other correspondences of an unofficial nature. All of these documents can be reviewed to determine how they can be used to increase understanding of the research topic.
Some action research includes a combination of data collection procedures. Using a combination of data collection methods may present the clearest and most accurate picture. A variety of sources may broaden the scope of information available to the researcher. Although some of the information is likely to be repetitive, other surprises pieces of information from a single source may contribute significantly to the research effort.