How to Do a Suzuki Reaction

The Suzuki reaction, also known as the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, is a palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between an aryl halide and an aryl boronic acid or an aryl boronic ester. It is a very versatile way to make new aryl-aryl bonds but can also be used to connect other sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms.

The halide is often a bromide, but chlorides, iodides, and triflates can also be used. The most widely used boronic ester is the pinacol ester.

Things You'll Need

  • Aryl bromide
  • Aryl boronate
  • Palladium catalyst
  • Base
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Instructions

    • 1

      Charge your reaction flask with your aryl bromide and your aryl boronate, then add your solvent (THF, dioxane, DMF and toluene are often used) and degas the reaction mixture either by freeze-pump-thaw cycling or simply by bubbling with an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon for 30 minutes.

    • 2

      Now add your palladium catalyst (Pd(PPh3)4 and PdCl2(PPh3)2 are often used) and then a degassed aqueous solution of your base (K3PO4, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Et4NOH are often used). Keep the reaction mixture under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.

    • 3

      Your Suzuki reaction is now ready to take off. All you need to do is to heat it up to gentle reflux with good stirring to make sure that the biphasic reaction mixture is properly mixed. Your reaction will typically be completed after refluxing over night.

    • 4

      Work-up typically consists of an aqueous wash followed by column chromatography and recrystallisation to afford your desired product.

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