There are several types of research degrees, with the most common being:
* Doctor of Philosophy (PhD): This is the most common and prestigious research degree, requiring several years of intensive research and the production of a significant original contribution to knowledge.
* Master of Philosophy (MPhil): This degree often serves as a stepping stone towards a PhD, involving substantial research but typically less extensive than a PhD. Sometimes it can be awarded independently, representing significant research but not quite reaching the level of a PhD.
* Doctor of Science (DSc) or Doctor of Letters (DLitt): These are higher doctorates, awarded on the basis of a substantial body of published research work, rather than a single thesis. They are usually granted many years after a PhD.
* Professional Doctorates (e.g., EdD, DBA): These are research degrees focusing on a specific professional field (e.g., education, business administration). They often have a more applied focus than a PhD.
The core element of all research degrees is the independent research project leading to a substantial thesis. This involves:
* Formulating a research question: Identifying a gap in existing knowledge and developing a specific, researchable question.
* Developing a methodology: Choosing appropriate research methods to answer the research question.
* Collecting and analyzing data: Gathering and interpreting relevant data.
* Writing a thesis: Presenting the research findings in a comprehensive and scholarly manner.
* Defending the thesis: Presenting and defending the research findings before a committee of experts.
In short, a research degree signifies advanced scholarly training and the ability to conduct independent, original research within a specific field.