Rules for Writing Vocabulary Insertions

Morphemes and Vocabulary Insertions

• Morphemes work as resources in the formation of vocabulary and provide grammatical tags to words helping one to categorize them when he hears them. They are divided into two kinds, f-morphemes and l-morphemes, depending on whether they refer to functional or lexical categories. F-morphemes are the ones whose content is enough to establish a distinctive phonological expression, which makes their vocabulary insertions deterministic. They can be prepositions, articles or pronouns. L-morphemes, on the other hand, can be filled freely by any vocabulary item, any noun, verb or adjective.

General Writing Vocabulary Insertions Rules

• The most basic phonological rule for vocabulary insertions is A → B, which means that A becomes B when something occurs. Also, C is any obstruent, V is any vowel, Ø shows that nothing happens and by { } either/or is indicated. Deletion is marked as A → Ø / E __, which means that A is deleted when it occurs after E, and insertion is indicated as Ø → A / E __, which means that A is inserted when it occurs after E.

Rules for Plural Vocabulary Insertions

• The standard way for writing vocabulary insertions is /-signal/ ↔ [+context of insertion]. This means that for a word's plural, a vocabulary insertion will look like this, /-s/ ↔ [+pl]. However, when an l-morpheme's plural is formed, then this can be determined by any of the letters s, z or əz, in between forward slashes. Which letter combination is used is established by the sounds that the consonants produce when they form the l-morpheme's plural. For example, the word "cats" will be /ˈkats/, the word "dogs" will be /dôgz/ and the word "kisses" will be /k səz/. This means that in the case of "cats" the vocabulary insertion will be /-s/, in the case of "dogs" it will be /-z/ and in the case of "kisses" it will be /- əz/.

Rules for Past Tense Vocabulary Insertions

• When a verb's past tense is formed, then the -ed ending takes the sound of t, d or əd, and these letter combinations are put in between forward slashes. For example, the verb "kissed" will be / k st/, the word "loved" will be /luhvd/ and the word "patted" will be /p təd/. This means that the vocabulary insertion showing past tense for the word "kissed" will be /-t/, for the verb "loved" it will be /-d/ and for "patted" it will be /-əd/.