Add sulfuric acid to salt. Note the presence of carbon dioxide if a colorless gas turns lime water milky. Note the presence of nitrogen dioxide if reddish brown fumes turn iron sulfate black. Sulfur trioxide is present if a colorless gas turns potassium dichromate chemical paper green. Sulfur is present if the combination smells like rotten eggs.
Add sulfuric acid to salt. Carbon is present if a colorless white gas produces white fumes when a glass rod is dipped in ammonia and bought to the mouth of the test tube. Bromine is present if reddish brown vapors turn starch paper yellow. Iodine is present if deep violet vapors turn starch paper blue. Acetate is present if colorless vapors with a vinegar smell turn blue litmus paper red. Nitrate is present if reddish brown gas turns an iron sulfate solution black.
Add barium chloride to a salt solution. Sulfate is present if sulfates give a white precipitate that is insoluble in any acid or base. To the salt extract add ammonium molybdate. The presence of phospate gives an ammonia crystalline precipitate upon adding nitric acid and ammonium molybdate.