Decide what type of study you are doing. Whether you are conducting quantitative or qualitative research, the decision will impact your theoretical framework. Quantitative studies generally involve testing a theory so your framework will explore the existing theory in more depth. Qualitative studies, however, often lead to the creation of theories so your framework may include multiple theories related to your subject from which you might draw the ideas for your own theory.
Conduct research. Because the theoretical framework should be the cornerstone of your literature review, you need to begin doing research early. Peer-reviewed journals offer the best sources for research. If you get stuck trying to locate material, check the references used by some of the scholarly articles you have found. You can also look for research outside your field of study. For example, the Theory of Reasoned Action is discussed in literature pertaining to psychology but also to communications, business and other research fields.
Understand the material. To create an effective theoretical framework, you need a solid understanding of that theory and its background. Make sure you read enough material that you could explain the theory to someone unfamiliar with it. Once you have a firm grasp on the theory/theories you are using you will be better able to apply them to your specific thesis, research question or hypothesis.
Create a dialogue. The purpose of the theoretical framework is to position your research as part of a broader discussion in your field. The theories and literature done by past researchers and scholars is the basis for that discussion. As you begin writing the framework, make connections between the existing theories and literature and your subject so the relationship between the two remains clear.