* Undergraduate Education (Bachelor's Degree): 4 years
* Medical School (MD): 4 years
* Ph.D. Program: This can vary widely, from 4-7 years or even longer, depending on the field of research and individual progress. It's often done concurrently with medical school (MD/PhD program) or after medical school.
* General Surgery Residency: 5 years
* Cardiothoracic Surgery Fellowship: 2-3 years
* Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Fellowship: 2-3 years
Total Minimum: Adding up the minimum durations for each stage (4 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 21 years)
Total Realistic Expectation: It's far more realistic to expect a total of 24-28 years or even longer, considering potential research delays, taking time off, and any other unforeseen circumstances. The Ph.D. can significantly add to the overall time commitment. Many individuals may also choose to pursue additional sub-specialization training beyond the listed fellowships.
In short, it's a very long and demanding educational journey.