1. Undergraduate Degree (Bachelor's Degree): While there's no specific major required, a strong foundation in science is crucial. Pre-med tracks are common, encompassing biology, chemistry, physics, and organic chemistry. A high GPA is essential for medical school admission.
2. Medical School (MD or DO): This is a four-year program leading to a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. Both qualify you to become a surgeon.
3. Surgical Residency: After medical school, you must complete a surgical residency. This is a highly structured, several-year program (typically 5-7 years depending on the specialty) of intensive clinical training in surgery. Specific residency programs focus on particular surgical specialties (e.g., general surgery, neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery, orthopedic surgery, etc.).
4. Fellowship (Optional but Common): Many surgeons, particularly in specialized areas, pursue a fellowship. This is a 1-2 (or more) year post-residency program focusing on a subspecialty within surgery. For example, a general surgeon might do a fellowship in trauma surgery or minimally invasive surgery.
In short, it's not just "one type of school," but a sequential progression through undergraduate education, medical school, residency, and potentially a fellowship.