I. Scenic Design & Construction: This deals with the physical environment of the stage.
* Sets: The physical structures and scenery on stage, ranging from simple backdrops to elaborate three-dimensional constructions. This includes:
* Flat: A painted or textured piece of scenery.
* Drop: A large curtain hung from the flies (above the stage).
* Backdrops: Large painted or printed canvases hung at the back of the stage.
* Platforms: Elevated sections of the stage.
* Wagons: Platforms on wheels that can be moved across the stage.
* Unit Set: A set designed with interchangeable pieces to create different locations.
* Environmental Set: A set that attempts to completely surround the audience in the play's world.
* Props: Objects used by actors or present in the scene (furniture, hand props, set dressing).
* Painting: The process of decorating sets and props.
II. Lighting Design: Using light to create mood, atmosphere, and visibility.
* Lighting Instruments: Spotlights, floodlights, gels (colored filters), gobos (templates for creating shapes), moving lights.
* Lighting Plots: Detailed plans showing the placement and function of each light.
* Cueing: The precise timing and execution of lighting changes.
III. Sound Design: Creating the aural environment of the production.
* Sound Effects: Pre-recorded or live sounds used to enhance the atmosphere or action.
* Music: Underscoring, background music, or integral musical numbers.
* Microphones: For amplifying actors' voices or capturing sound effects.
* Sound Reinforcement: Amplifying sounds for clear audibility.
IV. Costume Design & Construction: The clothing and accessories worn by the actors.
* Costume Design: The overall look and feel of the costumes.
* Costume Construction: The making and altering of costumes.
* Makeup: Used to enhance the actor's appearance or to create specific characters.
* Wigs and Hair: Styling and creation of wigs and hairstyles.
V. Special Effects: Anything beyond the standard scenic, lighting, sound, and costume elements used to enhance the production. This can include:
* Pyrotechnics: Fire and explosive effects (requires special training and permits).
* Projected Images: Videos or still images projected onto sets or screens.
* Automated Movement: Moving sets or props using technology.
* Fog and Haze: To create atmosphere.
* Puppetry: A wide variety of puppet types used to bring characters to life.
These are interconnected and collaborative elements. A successful production relies on the skillful integration of all aspects of stagecraft.