A qualitative research paper can be analytical or argumentative. An analytical paper analyzes various perspectives of a topic. An argumentative paper takes a stand on a topic that you must argue convincingly. Either way a paper is written, there must be a statement--usually embedded in the last part of the first paragraph--that makes a claim about the topic you are writing about. It can be based on your opinion, but it must be backed with solid, referenced evidence.
To make credible claims in your analysis, you must demonstrate a thorough understanding of the body of academic literature that exists about your topic. This is where you not only look for the scholarly work that substantiates the argument you are making, but also the work that disagrees with your argument. A well thought-out argument can intelligently rebut opposing viewpoints. A review of the literature should include predominantly books and articles published by scholarly sources such as academic journals or university presses.
An excellent analysis must include your reasons for the research. The reasons are your objectives -- they must state a problem for which you attempt to formulate a solution, or at least a reason to formulate a solution. All research must begin with a research question: What is the problem you perceive and why does it matter? Who and what does it affect and what are the ramifications of not finding a solution? How long has it been this way and how did it get this way?
All research analysis must include a discussion about the research methodology and theoretical frameworks you are engaging. Qualitative methodology can be ethnographical, grounded theory, case study, phenomenological or narrative. It can also incorporate a mixed-method approach, which mixes qualitative methods with quantitative. Citing your theoretical frameworks establishes not only your knowledge on the topic, but the ways in which current theory fails to address the problem you are identifying. This is often referred to as the "intervention." A great analysis attempts a viable academic intervention.