The Modern Language Association outlines its citation guidelines in its "Handbook" and "Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing." The Modern Language Association also gives writers stylistic advice and formatting requirements. Modern Language Association references consist of two parts: in-text citations and a list of works cited. In-text citations show your readers where the source of information is located. Works cited entries offer publication information for your sources, and this allows your readers to track them down.
The American Psychological Association gives its citation rules in its "Publication Manual," which also contains formatting and stylistic guidelines. In proper American Psychological Association Style, you must create both in-text citations and a reference list for your sources. In-text citations give the author's name and the year she published her research in parentheses. Reference lists give publication information to your readers. Using American Psychological Association formatting allows you to publish your research in American Psychological Association journals.
The University of Chicago Press published the first edition of "The Chicago Manual of Style" in 1906, and its popularity has increased continuously since then. It has transcended its academic origins and become a popular style guide in its own right. Many consider "The Chicago Manual of Style" the standard reference work on the rules of American English usage. Chicago Style citations consist of a footnote or endnote and a bibliography entry, which, apart from the order in which information is presented, are nearly identical.
The American Chemical Society gives writers its standards for citation of information in chemistry-related academic papers in its "American Chemical Society Style Guide," which it calls a guide to the "effective communication of scientific information." American Chemical Society citations are comprised of in-text citations and a reference list.The American Chemical Society's guidelines for citation allow authors to use a variety of methods to cite their sources in-text, including italics, superscript numbers and parenthetical references.