For beginners (no prior programming experience):
* "Python Crash Course" by Eric Matthes: Excellent for learning Python, a beginner-friendly language. It's practical, well-structured, and includes projects to solidify understanding.
* "Automate the Boring Stuff with Python" by Al Sweigart: Another great Python book, focused on practical applications and automation tasks. Ideal if you want to see immediate, tangible results.
* "Head-First Java" by Kathy Sierra and Bert Bates: While Java is a more complex language, this book uses a visual and engaging approach that's helpful for beginners. It's known for its unique, brain-friendly design.
* "Eloquent JavaScript" by Marijn Haverbeke: A comprehensive guide to JavaScript, suitable for beginners but also valuable for experienced programmers. It covers a wide range of topics in depth.
* "Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist" by Allen B. Downey: A free and widely respected introduction to Python, emphasizing computational thinking and problem-solving.
For specific languages (intermediate to advanced):
* "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs" (SICP) by Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman, and Julie Sussman: A classic textbook using Scheme (a Lisp dialect) to teach fundamental programming concepts. Challenging but rewarding.
* "The C Programming Language" (K&R) by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie: The definitive guide to C, though it can be quite dense.
* "Effective C++" by Scott Meyers: Focuses on best practices and effective techniques for C++ programming.
* "Effective Java" by Joshua Bloch: Similar to "Effective C++," this book provides best practices and idiomatic ways to use Java.
* "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides (the "Gang of Four" book): Focuses on design patterns in object-oriented programming, relevant to many languages.
Important Considerations:
* Your chosen programming language: The best textbook will be specific to the language you want to learn.
* Your learning style: Some books are more visual and engaging, while others are more theoretical and rigorous.
* Your prior experience: Beginners should choose introductory texts, while those with some experience can opt for more advanced books.
* Online resources: Many excellent online courses and tutorials complement textbooks. Often, they're a good starting point to see if you like the language before investing in a book.
Ultimately, the "best" textbook is subjective. Reading reviews and looking at table of contents can help you choose one that aligns with your needs and learning style. Don't be afraid to try multiple resources until you find one that clicks.