1. Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs): This refers to the core concepts, principles, and facts within a specific subject area (e.g., in science, the structure of matter, energy and matter interactions, etc.). These are the foundational knowledge students need to understand. The material should deeply explore these ideas.
2. Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs): These are the skills and processes scientists and engineers use in their work, such as asking questions, designing experiments, analyzing data, constructing explanations, and engaging in argument from evidence. 3D materials actively involve students in these practices.
3. Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs): These are overarching themes that connect different fields of study. Examples include cause and effect, patterns, systems and system models, energy and matter, etc. 3D materials help students see the connections between these concepts across various disciplines.
Therefore, examples of *types* of three-dimensional instructional materials that incorporate these three dimensions are:
* Interactive Simulations: Allow students to manipulate variables and explore concepts virtually.
* Hands-on Experiments and Activities: Provide direct experience with the phenomena and principles being learned.
* Models and Manipulatives: Concrete representations of abstract concepts that students can touch and interact with (e.g., molecular models in chemistry).
* Data Analysis Activities: Provide real-world data sets that students analyze and interpret, applying SEPs.
* Inquiry-Based Projects: Encourage students to formulate their own questions, design investigations, and draw conclusions.
* Multimedia Resources: Combine various formats (text, images, videos, audio) to enhance learning. A simple video isn't 3D unless it involves the other dimensions.
The key differentiator is that 3D materials actively engage students in doing science or engineering, not just passively receiving information. They promote deeper understanding through active participation and connection across disciplines.